Tinjauan Teologis tentang Makna Pengurbanan Tedong Sambao’ dalam Ritus Mantunu pada Upacara Tingkat Rapasan di Leatung Matallo, Sangalla’ Utara

Alla’, Novianus Sampe (2025) Tinjauan Teologis tentang Makna Pengurbanan Tedong Sambao’ dalam Ritus Mantunu pada Upacara Tingkat Rapasan di Leatung Matallo, Sangalla’ Utara. Scholar thesis, Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pandangan teologis terhadap pengurbanan tedong sambao’ dalam ritus mantunu pada upacara tingkat rapasan di Lembang Leatung Matallo, Kecamatan Sangalla’ Utara, Kabupaten Tana Toraja. Tradisi pengurbanan kerbau dalam upacara rambu solo’ merupakan bagian integral dari kebudayaan Toraja yang berakar pada sistem kepercayaan Aluk Todolo dan sarat dengan makna simbolik, sosial, serta religius. Tedong sambao’ memiliki fungsi khusus sebagai simbol pemulihan kesalahan dan kekeliruan dalam pelaksanaan adat, terutama pada upacara tingkat rapasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka, observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan tokoh adat, tokoh gereja, dan masyarakat setempat, serta dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengurbanan tedong sambao’ merupakan unsur wajib dalam upacara tingkat rapasan karena berfungsi sebagai kurban pemulihan adat (ussundunni ada’), dan tidak memiliki makna langsung terhadap keselamatan arwah orang yang meninggal. Dalam perspektif Aluk Todolo, tedong sambao’ dipahami sebagai penanggung kesalahan ritual. Namun, dalam konteks masyarakat Kristen Toraja, makna pengurbanan tersebut mengalami pergeseran, dari makna religius menuju makna adat dan sosial. Secara teologis, iman Kristen menegaskan bahwa keselamatan hanya diperoleh melalui pengorbanan Yesus Kristus, sehingga pengurbanan tedong sambao’ tidak dipahami sebagai kurban penebusan dosa, melainkan sebagai ekspresi penghormatan terakhir, solidaritas sosial, dan pelestarian tradisi budaya. Dengan demikian, pengurbanan tedong sambao’ dapat diterima dalam perspektif teologi kontekstual apabila dimaknai sebagai praktik adat dan budaya, serta tidak bertentangan dengan iman Kristen. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi kontribusi teologis bagi pengembangan teologi kontekstual di Toraja dan menjadi bahan refleksi bagi gereja dalam menyikapi tradisi adat secara kritis dan kontekstual. Kata kunci: Tedong Sambao’, Rambu Solo’, Rapasan,Aluk Todolo, Teologi Kontesktual, Toraja. ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the theological perspective on the sacrifice of tedong sambao’ in the mantunu ritual within the rapasan level of the rambu solo’ funeral ceremony in Lembang Leatung Matallo, Sangalla’ Utara District, Tana Toraja Regency. The tradition of buffalo sacrifice in rambu solo’ is an integral part of Torajan culture, rooted in the belief system of Aluk Todolo, and contains symbolic, social, and religious meanings. Tedong sambao’ has a distinctive function as a symbol of the restoration of mistakes and ritual irregularities, particularly in rapasan-level ceremonies. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through literature study, field observation, interviews with traditional leaders, church leaders, and community members, as well as documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the sacrifice of tedong sambao’ is a mandatory element in rapasan-level ceremonies because it functions as a ritual for the restoration of customary order (ussundunni ada’), and does not directly relate to the salvation of the deceased’s soul. From the perspective of Aluk Todolo, tedong sambao’ is understood as bearing ritual faults. However, within the context of Torajan Christian communities, the meaning of this sacrifice has shifted from a religious function to a cultural and social one. Theologically, Christian faith affirms that salvation is attained solely through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ; therefore, the sacrifice of tedong sambao’ is not understood as an atoning sacrifice for sin, but as an expression of final respect, social solidarity, and cultural preservation. Thus, the sacrifice of tedong sambao’ can be accepted within a contextual theological perspective as long as it is understood as a cultural and customary practice that does not contradict Christian faith. This study is expected to contribute to the development of contextual theology in Toraja and to serve as a reflective resource for the church in engaging critically and contextually with indigenous traditions. Keywords: Tedong Sambao’, Rambu Solo’, Rapasan, Aluk Todolo, Contextual Theology, Toraja.

Item Type: Thesis (Scholar)
Subjects: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BV Practical Theology
Depositing User: am andarias m.
Date Deposited: 04 Feb 2026 15:26
Last Modified: 04 Feb 2026 15:26
URI: http://digilib-iakntoraja.ac.id/id/eprint/5254

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